Blocked Nose Basics: Relief Tips and When to Consult a Specialist

Most common form of inflammatory rhinitis is allergic rhinitis. It is defined as chronic or recurrent IgE-mediated inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Patients typically presents with rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal itching, nasal congestion and postnasal drainage. Other associated symptoms include throat clearing, eye itching, tearing, eye redness, palatal itching, and impaired sense of smell and taste.

Perennial non-allergic rhinitis, on the other hand, presents with chronic nasal symptoms in the absence of a demonstrable IgE mediated process associated with cellular infiltration of the sinonasal mucosa. Onset is typically in adulthood, with clear rhinorrhea, congestion, nasal itching, and anosmia. Very pale edematous mucosa is noted.

Infectious causes would have neutrophilic infiltration. Signs and symptoms include secretions, postnasal drip, sinus pain or tenderness, erythematous mucosa. This may occur as isolated illness or systemic disorder. Acute rhinitis is of recent onset, of short duration due to viral or bacterial microorganisms.

Common colds is precipitated by viruses transmitted through respiratory droplets. In the first stage, patient has watery, profuse, mucoid nasal discharge. In the stage, patient starts having purulent nasal discharge, sore throat and fever.

Acute rhinosinusitis is an inflammatory condition involving the paranasal sinuses, as well as the lining of the nasal passages. The most common etiologic agents are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. Primary symptoms include nasal congestion, nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, facial pain or pressure, and hyposmia or anosmia.

One common cause of congestion is rhinitis medicamentosa from overuse of topical sympathomimetic agents including nasal decongestants and cocaine due to alpha adrenergic blockade.

In the elderly, congestion may be due to reflex induced rhinitis wherein there is reflex vascular engorgement, glandular secretion triggered by change in body position, chilling of body surface, strong odors, sexual arousal, stress, alcohol, etc.

Vasomotor rhinitis is also commonly seen in the Philippine settings. Nasal symptoms characterized by vasomotor or secretory instability in the absence of any defined cause or disorder (autonomic imbalance), vasocongestive and vasosecretory symptoms. Cause is neither allergy nor inflammation. There is parasympathetic overtone from change in weather, endocrine (adolescence, hypothyroidism, pregnancy); birth control pills, alcohol, tobaco, anti-thyroid drugs; or psychoemotional such as depression.

Drinking plenty of fluids helps thin mucus and promotes drainage. Use saline nasal sprays or irrigation. Saline douche can flush out allergens, irritants, and mucus, relieving inflammation and dryness. Apply warm compress. A warm towel placed over the nose and cheeks can reduce sinus pressure and promote comfort. Rest and isolation are crucial when you have colds or any form of rhinits. Rest allows your body to focus its energy on fighting the infection and recuperation. Isolation helps prevent spreading the virus to others.

Consider over-the-counter medications such as oral antihistamines for allergies and oral nasal decongestants. Short-term topical nasal decongestants may also be used for its fast, reliable relief from nasal blockage. A lot of patients report improved sleep and quality of life during upper respiratory illnesses with its use.

Persistent or recurrent nasal congestion may indicate an underlying condition such as chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps, or allergic rhinitis. A healthcare provider can perform a nasal endoscopy or recommend imaging if needed.

A proper diagnosis allows for individualized treatment, whether it involves allergy or rhinosinusitis management, prescription medications, or addressing anatomical issues like a deviated septum or internal valve collapse.

Untreated congestion can lead to sinus infections, sleep disturbances, ear problems, or even asthma exacerbations in some cases. Early intervention helps prevent chronic issues.

Overusing decongestant sprays can lead to rebound congestion, or rhinitis medicamentosa, making symptoms worse. Medical guidance ensures medications are used safely and effectively.